water chemistry of Lake Tanganyika Tropheus
Friday, September 24, 2010
Still Bleeding After Cervical Polyp Removed
1. REAL STRUCTURE
The first publication of actual sales are dissolved in the water of Lake Tanganyika made P. Brichard.
Here is the list of salts and their concentration:
| ELEMENT FORMULA | | | ||
| magnesium carbonate MgCO 3 | 144.0 37.2 37.2 | | ||
| Soda | Na 2 CO 3 | 125.0 32'3 69.5 | | |
| Potassium chloride | KCl | 59.0 15.2 84.7 | | |
| calcium carbonate CaCO 3 | 30.0 7.7 92.4 | | ||
| Sodium silicate | In 2 SiO 3 | 13.5 3.5 95.9 | | |
| aluminate sulfate hydrate dieciocho times | Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 +18 H 2 The | 5.0 1.3 97.2 | | |
| Lithium carbonate Li | 2 CO 3 | 4.0 1.0 98.2 | | |
| Potassium sulphate K | 2 SO 4 | 4.0 1.0 99.2 | | |
| sodium sulphate | In 2 SO 4 | 1.0 0.3 99.5 | | |
| kno 3 | 0.5 0.1 99.6 | | ||
| FeCl 3 +6 H 2 O | 0.5 0.1 99.7 | | ||
| twelve times hydrated sodium phosphate | Na 3 PO 4 +12 H 2 O | 0.4 0.1 99.8 | |
Ideally these salts use to "copy" the water chemistry of Lake Tanganyika But the problem is almost insoluble in magnesium carbonate (salt majority, with great influence on the GH and KH) and calcium carbonate (the fourth most common salt, also with great influence on the GH and KH).
Therefore, using these salts, it is impossible to obtain values \u200b\u200bof pH, GH and KH appropriate (and many other parameters.)
2. PARAMETERS THAT INTEREST
The parameters that we measured in our tanks to adjust to the required conditions are pH, GH and KH.
Using an average of the latest studies on the lake, we have obtained the following values \u200b\u200bfor these three parameters:
| PARAMETER VALUES RANGE AVERAGE | ||
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| | | |
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Simulating a correct composition of the basic compounds that exist in the lake water, obtain appropriate values \u200b\u200bof these parameters, and many other we did not measure.
3. JUST A LITTLE BIT OF CHEMICAL
a. Units
ppm - parts per million - the unit is usually employed to assess the presence of elements in small amounts in a mixture or solution. Indicates parts of solute per million parts of solvent.
mg / l - milligrams per liter - one unit is usually employed to assess the presence of elements in small amounts in a mixture or solution. Indicates the milligrams of solute in one liter of solvent.
° dH - German degree of hardness of a liquid. It is the most commonly used to measure the hardness of a liquid.
b. Relations including
• ppm = mg / l
• 1 º dH = 17.8 ppm CaCO 3
c. Definitions
• GH - total hardness - measures the concentration of magnesium ions (Mg + +) and calcium (Ca + +). The unit used to measure it º dH, but also used mg / l of CaCO 3 , the ppm of CaCO 3 , the French degree (10 ppm CaCO 3 ) and the degree American (17, 2 ppm of CaCO 3 ).
• KH - carbonate hardness - measures the concentration magnesium carbonate, calcium, sodium or other mono or divalent metal (we could say CO 3 - although it is not correct at all). It is usually expressed in ° dH.
• pH - measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions (H +). In particular, pH =- log ([H +]) , ie a greater amount of free hydrogen ions (H +), lower pH and vice versa. Since the scale is logarithmic, that means that a unit reduction in pH means an increase by 10 times the amount of free hydrogen ions or a reduction in two units in pH means an increase of 100 times amount of hydrogen ions free. For this reason we must avoid sudden fluctuations in pH. Its value ranges from 0 to 14. If less than 7 is said that the solution is acidic, its value is 7 states that the solution is neutral and if its value is greater than 7, it says the solution is basic or alkaline.
4. SALES TO IMITATE WATER LAKE
The best simulation of water from Lake Tanganyika I've seen (pH, GH, KH, conductivity, Ca + +, Mg + +, Na +, K +, CO 3 -, HCO 3 - , ...) is achieved with these salts and in this proportion:
| ELEMENT FORMULA | | | Accumulated | |
| Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 | 505 48.42 48.42 | | ||
| magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Epson Salts) MgSO | 4 +7 H 2 The | 425 40.75 89.17 | | |
| Potassium chloride KCl | 58 5.56 94.73 | | ||
| Calcium chloride CaCl | 2 | 34 | 3.26 97.99 | |
| sodium carbonate Na | 2 CO 3 | 21 2.01 100.00 | |
a simulation made on osmosis water, gives the following values \u200b\u200bof the parameters that concern us:
| PARAMETER VALUE OBTAINED | |
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| | |
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But I must say that these values \u200b\u200bwill not be well in our tanks because they depend on other factors as the concentration of CO 2 (which depends on the aeration movement of water, stock, plant life, ...), of the materials we use in filtration (activated carbon, zeolites, which adsorb ... salts and metals) and baseline values \u200b\u200bof these parameters in the tap water.
therefore for each case should calculate the proportion of each salt.
Fortunately, you can upload whatever the GH and KH values, keeping the pH in the recommended values.
The following table I show the influence of each of these salts on the three parameters that we are interested in adding a certain amount:
| SAL | mg / l pH | Variation Variation Variation | GH KH | |
| NaHCO 3 | | | | |
| MgSO 4 +7 H 2 O | 45.0 | | | |
| CaCl 2 21.8 | | | | |
| Na 2 CO 3 | | | |
To be easier to make the mixture of salts, once you have bought goods in a warehouse chemicals (better than a pharmacy, because they come much cheaper), you can use an Excel spreadsheet for the amount (or percentage) of each salt must be added to water, after entering the values \u200b\u200bof GH and KH Your initial water and the number of liters.
Enjoying Tanganyika
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